How chronic anthropogenic noise can affect wildlife communities

Anthropogenic noise is a major pollutant in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have become increasingly noisy, leading to both acute chronic disturbance of wide variety animals. Chronic exposure can affect animals over their lifespan, changes species interactions likely altering communities. However, community-level impacts are not well-understood, which impairs our ability for effective mitigation. In this review, we address effects on communities explore possible mechanisms underlying these effects. The limited studies topic suggest that by changing behavior and/or physiology community, results direct or knock-on consequences other ecosystem. Major knowledge gaps remain due logistically complex financially expensive nature long-term needed questions. By identifying suggesting approaches answer them, provide road map toward mitigating noisy world.